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Antibiotics, Vol. 13, Pages 1084: Diversity, Distribution, and Resistance Profiles of Bacterial Bloodstream Infections in Three Tertiary Referral Hospitals in Rwanda Between 2020 and 2022
Antibiotics doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13111084
Authors: Misbah Gashegu Vedaste Ndahindwa Edson Rwagasore Albert Tuyishime Clarisse Musanabaganwa Noel Gahamanyi Isabelle Mukagatare Djibril Mbarushimana Christopher Aird Green Tafadzwa Dzinamarira Ayman Ahmed Claude Mambo Muvunyi
Background: The burden of bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) is rapidly increasing in Africa including Rwanda. Methods: This is a retrospective study that investigates the diversity, distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of BSI bacteria in three tertiary referral hospitals in Rwanda between 2020 and 2022. Results: A total of 1532 blood culture tests were performed for visiting patients. Overall, the proportions of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were 48.2% and 51.8, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species accounting for 25% of all Gram-positive BSI species, and Klebsiella species represented 41% of all Gram-negative BSI species. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that Amikacin exhibited the highest activity against Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., and Escherichia coli in >92% of cases and Klebsiella spp. in 75.7%. Meropenem and Imipenem were highly efficacious to Salmonella spp. (100% susceptibility), Enterobacter spp. (96.2% and 91.7%, respectively), and Escherichia coli (94.7% and 95.5%, respectively). The susceptibility of Enterococcus spp., S. aureus, and Streptococcus spp. to Vancomycin was 100%, 99.5%, and 97.1%, respectively. Klebsiella spp. was highly sensitive to Colistin (98.7%), Polymyxin B (85.6%), Imipenem (84.9%), and Meropenem (78.5%). Conclusions: We recommend strengthening the implementation of integrated transdisciplinary and multisectoral One Health including AMR stewardship for the surveillance, prevention, and control of AMR in Rwanda.
