Applied Sciences, Vol. 13, Pages 4436: Adaptive Regression Prefetching Algorithm by Using Big Data Application Characteristics

Applied Sciences, Vol. 13, Pages 4436: Adaptive Regression Prefetching Algorithm by Using Big Data Application Characteristics

Applied Sciences doi: 10.3390/app13074436

Authors: Mengzhao Zhang Qian Tang Jeong-Geun Kim Bernd Burgstaller Shin-Dug Kim

This paper presents an innovative prefetching algorithm for a hybrid main memory structure, which consists of DRAM and phase-change memory. To enhance the efficiency of hybrid memory hardware in serving big data technologies, the proposed design employs an application-adaptive algorithm based on big data execution characteristics. Specifically optimized for graph-processing applications, which exhibit complex and irregular memory access patterns, a dual prefetching scheme is proposed. This scheme comprises a fast-response model with low-cost algorithms for regular memory access patterns and an intelligent model based on an adaptive Gaussian-kernel-based machine-learning prefetch engine. The intelligent model can acquire knowledge from real-time data samples, capturing distinct memory access patterns via an adaptive Gaussian-kernel-based regression algorithm. These methods allow the model to self-adjust its hyperparameters at runtime, facilitating the implementation of locally weighted regression (LWR) for the Gaussian process of irregular access patterns. In addition, we introduced an efficient hybrid main memory architecture that integrates two different kinds of memory technologies, including DRAM and PCM, providing cost and energy efficiency over a DRAM-only memory structure. Based on the simulation-based experimental results, our proposed model achieved performance enhancement of 57% compared to the conventional DRAM model and of approximately 12% compared to existing prefetcher-based models.