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Diseases, Vol. 12, Pages 262: Characteristics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Sex in Mexico: A Multi-Institutional Collaboration
Diseases doi: 10.3390/diseases12100262
Authors: Javier Melchor-Ruan Luis Santiago-Ruiz Blanca Olivia Murillo-Ortiz Samuel Rivera-Rivera Yelda A. Leal-Herrera David Suárez-García José María Remes-Troche Peter Grube Gustavo Martínez-Mier Erika Ruiz-García Alan Ramos-Mayo José Antonio Velarde-Ruiz-Velasco Ricardo Gamboa-Gutierrez Karla Gabriela Ordoñez-Escalante Laura Esthela Cisneros-Garza Pilar Leal-Leyte Jesús Sepúlveda-Delgado María Saraí González-Huezo Ricardo Arvizu-Castillo Jorge Urías-Rocha Celia Beatriz Flores-de-la-Torre Leonardo Manuel Carrillo-Mendoza Juan Manuel Gámez-del-Castillo Martín Lajous Adriana Monge Daniel Zamora-Valdés
Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In Mexico, there is a high burden of liver cancer mortality in rural states, affecting both women and men equally. Thus, we aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) by sex in Mexico. Demographic and clinical information was extracted retrospectively from the medical records of patients with HCC initially treated (2015–2022) at institutions participating in a national survey across the country. The male-to-female ratio was calculated at the national and regional levels, and the results were stratified by sex. Among 697 HCC patients, the age at diagnosis was 65.4 ± 11.9 years and 20% were diagnosed at ≥75 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1, ranging from 1:1 in the northwestern and southwestern regions, to 2.1:1 in the western region. The proportion of cirrhosis was similar between the sexes; however, the etiology of cirrhosis differed: cryptogenic cirrhosis was higher in women and alcohol consumption was higher in men. Men had a higher proportion of advanced HCC, poor/undifferentiated tumors, and ≥4 nodules than women. HCC in the Mexican population affects both men and women at a 1.4:1 male-to-female ratio. This unique proportion by sex could be explained by the differences in the prevalence of risk factors across our heterogeneous country.
