Electronics, Vol. 13, Pages 3615: Maritime Object Detection by Exploiting Electro-Optical and Near-Infrared Sensors Using Ensemble Learning

Electronics, Vol. 13, Pages 3615: Maritime Object Detection by Exploiting Electro-Optical and Near-Infrared Sensors Using Ensemble Learning

Electronics doi: 10.3390/electronics13183615

Authors: Muhammad Furqan Javed Muhammad Osama Imam Muhammad Adnan Iqbal Murtza Jin-Young Kim

Object detection in maritime environments is a challenging problem because of the continuously changing background and moving objects resulting in shearing, occlusion, noise, etc. Unluckily, this problem is of critical importance since such failure may result in significant loss of human lives and economic loss. The available object detection methods rely on radar and sonar sensors. Even with the advances in electro-optical sensors, their employment in maritime object detection is rarely considered. The proposed research aims to employ both electro-optical and near-infrared sensors for effective maritime object detection. For this, dedicated deep learning detection models are trained on electro-optical and near-infrared (NIR) sensor datasets. For this, (ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and SSD MobileNet) are utilized in both electro-optical and near-infrared space. Then, dedicated ensemble classifications are constructed on each collection of base learners from electro-optical and near-infrared spaces. After this, decisions about object detection from these spaces are combined using logical-disjunction-based final ensemble classification. This strategy is utilized to reduce false negatives effectively. To evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology, the publicly available standard Singapore Maritime Dataset is used and the results show that the proposed methodology outperforms the contemporary maritime object detection techniques with a significantly improved mean average precision.