MTI, Vol. 7, Pages 97: Evolution and Trends in Sign Language Avatar Systems: Unveiling a 40-Year Journey via Systematic Review

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MTI, Vol. 7, Pages 97: Evolution and Trends in Sign Language Avatar Systems: Unveiling a 40-Year Journey via Systematic Review

Multimodal Technologies and Interaction doi: 10.3390/mti7100097

Authors: Maryam Aziz Achraf Othman

Sign language (SL) avatar systems aid communication between the hearing and deaf communities. Despite technological progress, there is a lack of a standardized avatar development framework. This paper offers a systematic review of SL avatar systems spanning from 1982 to 2022. Using PRISMA guidelines, we shortlisted 47 papers from an initial 1765, focusing on sign synthesis techniques, corpora, design strategies, and facial expression methods. We also discuss both objective and subjective evaluation methodologies. Our findings highlight key trends and suggest new research avenues for improving SL avatars.

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