Nanomaterials, Vol. 13, Pages 423: Irreversibility Marangoni Tri-Hybrid Nanoflow Analysis for Thermal Enhancement Applications

Nanomaterials, Vol. 13, Pages 423: Irreversibility Marangoni Tri-Hybrid Nanoflow Analysis for Thermal Enhancement Applications

Nanomaterials doi: 10.3390/nano13030423

Authors: Malik Zaka Ullah

Increasing heat transfer is an important part of industrial, mechanical, electrical, thermal, and biological sciences. The aim of this study is to increase the thermal competency of a conventional fluid by using a ternary hybrid nanofluid. A magnetic field and thermal radiation are used to further improve the thermal conductivity of the base fluid. Irreversibility is analyzed under the influence of the embedded parameters. The basic equations for the ternary hybrid nanofluids are transformed from Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) to Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) using the similarity concept. The Marangoni convection idea is used in the mathematical model for the temperature difference between the two media: the surface and fluid. The achieved results are provided and discussed. The results show that ternary hybrid nanofluids are more suitable as heat-transmitted conductors than conventional fluids.