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Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1276: Integration of Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses as an Immunomonitoring Tool for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Healthy and Fragile Subjects
Viruses doi: 10.3390/v15061276
Authors: Giulia Brisotto Marcella Montico Matteo Turetta Stefania Zanussi Maria Rita Cozzi Roberto Vettori Romina Boschian Boschin Lorenzo Vinante Fabio Matrone Alberto Revelant Elisa Palazzari Roberto Innocente Giuseppe Fanetti Lorenzo Gerratana Mattia Garutti Camilla Lisanti Silvia Bolzonello Milena Sabrina Nicoloso Agostino Steffan Elena Muraro
Cellular and humoral immunity are both required for SARS-CoV-2 infection recovery and vaccine efficacy. The factors affecting mRNA vaccination-induced immune responses, in healthy and fragile subjects, are still under investigation. Thus, we monitored the vaccine-induced cellular and humoral immunity in healthy subjects and cancer patients after vaccination to define whether a different antibody titer reflected similar rates of cellular immune responses and if cancer has an impact on vaccination efficacy. We found that higher titers of antibodies were associated with a higher probability of positive cellular immunity and that this greater immune response was correlated with an increased number of vaccination side effects. Moreover, active T-cell immunity after vaccination was associated with reduced antibody decay. The vaccine-induced cellular immunity appeared more likely in healthy subjects rather than in cancer patients. Lastly, after boosting, we observed a cellular immune conversion in 20% of subjects, and a strong correlation between pre- and post-boosting IFN-γ levels, while antibody levels did not display a similar association. Finally, our data suggested that integrating humoral and cellular immune responses could allow the identification of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responders and that T-cell responses seem more stable over time compared to antibodies, especially in cancer patients.
